Tourism Management Issues in India’s National Parks: An Analysis of the Rajiv Gandhi (Nagarahole) National Park

This paper analyses contemporary tourism management issues in India’s national parks. It begins by setting India’s national parks in the context of national parks globally, before examining the historical development of national parks in India itself. Based upon the author’s extensive qualitative research, the paper then discusses in general terms the tourism conflicts that have recently emerged in India’s national parks. It goes on to examine in detail the tourism management issues as they apply to a specific case study, namely the Rajiv Gandhi (Nagarahole) National Park located in the state of Karnataka. It is concluded that the voices of indigenous communities needs to be recognised in the management of the park and in terms of tourism development efforts.     

Housing Allowance and the Rent of Low‐income Households

This paper analyses the effect of a housing allowance programme on the rent paid by assisted low‐income households. The data consist of 12,000 rental households in the free‐market and municipal sectors. The effect is estimated using the programme reform of 2002 as an instrument. The reform increased the allowance of the assisted households depending on housing characteristics, but it had little effect on the eligibility. Results suggest that in the private sector, one additional euro of allowance increases the rent of claimants by 60–70 cents. The effect is zero in the municipal sector, as rents are tied to the housing costs.     

Socioeconomic Determinants of Child Health: Empirical Evidence from Indonesia

This paper characterizes the socioeconomic determinants of child health using height‐for‐age z‐score (HAZ), a long‐run measure of chronic nutritional deficiency. We construct a panel data that follows children between ages 3 and 59 months in 1993 through the 1997 and 2000 waves of the Indonesian Family Life Survey. We use this data to identify the various child‐level, household‐level and community‐level factors that affect children's health. Our findings indicate that household income has a large and statistically significant role in explaining improvements in HAZ. We also find a strong positive association between parental height and HAZ. At the community level, we find that provision of electricity and the availability of paved roads are positively associated with improvements in HAZ. Finally, in comparison to community‐level factors, household‐level characteristics play a large role in explaining the variation in HAZ. These findings suggest that policies that address the demand‐side constraints have greater potential to improve children's health outcomes in the future.     

Capitalization of Flood Insurance and Risk Perceptions in Housing Prices: An Empirical Agent‐Based Model Approach

Federally regulated or insured lenders in the United States are mandated to require flood insurance on properties that are located in areas at high risk of flooding. Despite the existence of this mandatory flood insurance requirement, take‐up rates for flood insurance have been low, and the federal government's exposure to uninsured property losses from flooding remains substantial. Meanwhile, the value of capital at risk varies significantly with flood events and changing risk perceptions, which necessitates mechanisms that stabilize these dynamics. In this article we discuss how a scenario of complete insurance uptake, under various risk attitudes, affects the value of properties in the 100‐year and 500‐year flood zones. Our results indicate that an increase in flood insurance uptake may provide such a mechanism by lowering the value of capital at risk in the flood zone consistently, independent of homeowners' risk attitudes. We apply an empirical adaptive agent‐based model to examine the capitalization of insurance costs, risk premiums, and their interaction in housing prices. Our approach combines widely‐used empirical hedonic analysis with the computational economic framework. We highlight the usefulness of our method in capturing the marginal implicit price of homeowners' preferences that may change over time and separately assess the effect of various factors and policies on property values, illustrating the agent‐based modeling as a valuable complement to traditional hedonic analysis.     

Reasonable and Risk‐Based? Replacing NFIP Generally Subsidized Rates with a Means‐Tested Subsidy

The National Flood Insurance Program was created to seek two often conflicting goals: (i) shifting risks from federal taxpayers to those who choose to live in flood plains and (ii) ensuring flood insurance is available to everyone at “reasonable” rates. Efforts to accomplish the second goal currently take the form of subsidies based on location and the date a home was constructed. The resulting revenue from subsidized insurance premiums is not sufficient to cover the true cost of flood insurance, and federal taxpayers have paid the difference: $30 billion to date. Based on a detailed survey of households in the high‐risk flood zones of New York City (NYC), we find that replacing existing premium subsidies with risk‐based prices and a subsidy for low‐income housing‐burdened households could better meet both goals by ensuring low‐income individuals have access to affordable flood insurance while still saving the federal taxpayer up to $183 million per year in NYC alone.     

中国企业研发经费投入现状及国际比较

企业是开展创新活动的重要主体,加强企业研发经费投入对提升企业技术创新能力至关重要。本文基于《欧盟产业研发投资记分牌(2019)》和调研数据,从研发经费投入及结构视角分析了我国企业创新活动现状,并与世界主要创新型国家进行了国际比较分析。研究发现:我国企业研发经费投入规模不断扩大,企业已经是研发经费投入主体和执行主体;相比国有企业,民营企业更具研发投资动力,是企业研发经费投入主体;我国企业研发经费投入增速较高,但研发经费投资规模和强度低于世界主要创新型国家;我国企业科学研究经费布局明显低于世界主要创新型国家,严重制约企业自主创新能力提升;我国企业基础研究占比偏低与创新特性、企业使命、发展阶段、企业能力、体制机制等因素有关,新时代应重点引导和激励更多企业向"爱迪生象限"和"巴斯德象限"跃升。     

基于系统动力学的研发投资预算研究

研发投入是一种高风险的投资,研发投入过多或过少都不利于企业的发展,而如何在企业资源有限的情况下,合理安排研发投入以获取持续的竞争能力是企业研发管理的重点。应该说,研发投入系统是一种复杂的系统,本文首先对研发投资预算的方法进行了回顾,继而提出了运用系统动力学编制研发投资预算的思路并构建了基于系统动力学的研发投资预算模型,该模型将研发系统分为研发流程、研发团队和现金流等三个子模块并描述了研发投资预算的影响因素及其作用过程,最后,以电子产品为例运用该模型模拟了四种不同研发投资预算方案的效果。     

美国2011年财政研发预算重点与趋势分析

在金融危机的压力下,美国联邦政府近两年的研发预算增幅甚微,2011年仅增加0．23％,但投向基础研究的资金增幅创下近五年新高,“气候”成为继“生物医学”之后又一大战略重点。本文简要分析美国联邦财政2011年研发预算的分布及其重点,及近年来美财政对研发战略投资的趋势。     

企业研发管理的现状及分析

研发是一个企业不断创新以获取和维持核心竞争力的重要途径,也是企业生存和发展的需要。目前,我国企业在研发管理方面的表现并不十分乐观,存在的诸多问题已经成为企业研发管理的瓶颈。研发是一条充满艰辛和风险的道路。研发活动不但需要投入大量的资源、打造强大的职业化的研发队伍,更关键的是要建立一个高效的研发管理体系。在总体规划上,需要以一流企业为标杆,制定研发管理水平不断提高的长期计划。主要包括局部优化、部门级研发组织及流程变革、企业级平台变革、跨企业创新变革等方面。     

我国R&D产业化对经济增长浅析

"科学技术是第一生产力",随着经济全球化和信息技术的发展,研发活动在经济发展中的作用日益突出,也成为我国经济增长寻找新动力的所在。本文采用我国各省市R&D产业化指标体系,将我国东、中、西部地区R&D产业化对经济增长的影响进行了比较分析,并建立了关于经济增长的多元线性回归模型,结果表明R&D产业化总体发展对各地区经济增长有显著的正向影响,但对各地区经济增长的效应存在差异。该模型能够较为准确的反映实际,具有一定的实际意义。